The effect of rondo-style training in various forms and spaces on developing agility and complex technical performance in football players.

Abstract

This research aims to identify the effect of rondo-style training in various forms and spaces on developing agility and complex skill performance among football players. The researchers used an experimental design with two equivalent groups (control and experimental) using pre- and post-tests. The main experiment was conducted on players from Babylon Sports Club during the 2025-2026 season, totaling (28) players. They were divided into two groups (control and experimental), each consisting of (14) players. The researchers used the following statistical methods: (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test) For paired samples, the independent samples t-test was used, and the researchers reached the following conclusions:

• The study results showed a clear and genuine improvement in agility and complex skill performance among football players.
• The experimental group demonstrated superiority over the control group in agility and complex skill performance among football players.
• The study results confirm that rondo drills in various forms and spaces represent an advanced and effective training method for developing agility and complex skill performance in football players.