European Journal of Sports Science Technology

The effectiveness of specialized exercises in enhancing certain physiological variables and achieving success in the 100 m freestyle

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ihsan Mohammed Ali Hadi — 2025-04-01

The research aimed to understand the effectiveness of exercises that include various tools and aids. These exercises, conducted both on land and in water, focus on improving the achievement of the 100 m freestyle swimming distance, as well as the index of forced exhalation per second and vital capacity. This is achieved through various resistances in the water against the body's forward movement and on land. The study investigates the impact of these resistances, the different tools used, and their effect on completing the 100 m freestyle distance. To achieve the goal of the study, ten participants who continued to train with the swimming coach were deliberately selected.

They were divided into two teams, consisting of five male and five female swimmers. Both teams performed the training curriculum prepared by their coach. However, the research group, in addition to the coach's curriculum, performed various exercises on the water floor, utilizing aids that were incorporated into their daily training units. The researcher conducted pre- and post-tests over an 8-week period, with three training sessions per week. The results obtained were statistically analyzed for both groups. The researcher found that the time taken to complete the 100 m freestyle swimming distance improved in the group that included the platform and auxiliary tools during their exercise performance, in addition to enhancing the efficiency of physiological variables.

As a result, the researcher suggested introducing a variety of tools during the course. Additionally, the significance of land and water training with auxiliary methods and their effect on increasing body efficiency and accomplishment level are highlighted.

The impact of game competitive sports on some physical variables, functional, and psychological for middle school students aged (13-14) years

Asst. Prof. Dr. Raad Abdul Amir Finjan — 2025-04-01

The study designed team-based competitive sports games to enhance physical and psychological development in middle school students. An experimental approach with control and experimental groups showed significant improvements in physical, functional, and psychological variables, with the experimental group achieving superior results. The research highlights the effectiveness of competitive sports in increasing motivation, skill development, and overall engagement in physical education. Competitive sports games improved students’ motivation, physical and psychological well-being. Researchers recommend their use in physical education

Attitudes of Al-Jafara University students towards participation in sports activities

A.K. Dr. Suleiman Al-Sadiq Al-Amin — 2025-04-01

The research aims to identify the attitudes of Al-Jafara University students towards participating in sports activities. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method, which is not limited to description, but extends to include analysis and interpretation, due to its suitability to achieve the research objective. The research community represents Al-Jafara University students, numbering (3100) male and female students. The research sample included (350) students who were randomly selected from the research community members. The most important results indicated that the goals of the Sports Activity Office are consistent with the available material and human capabilities and in a manner consistent with the general goals in light of the philosophy of society and the general policy of Al-Jafara University. There is also a plan to provide sports equipment and tools in sufficient quantities and in good condition, but the plans set are not implemented through gradual steps within the university, and the number of students practicing sports activity decreases due to the lack of cooperation of the sports activity coordinators in the colleges with the sports activity office at the university.

The Effect of Special Exercises on Some Bio kinematic Variables and Achievement in the 110m Hurdles for Players

Asst. Dr. Zahraa Saad Azawi — 2025-04-01

The rapid developments witnessed by the world in all aspects of life have led to significant progress in all fields, including sports. This progress has come as a result of the use of modern scientific methods in planning, in addition to good and continuous training. The importance of this research lies in developing a set of special exercises to improve player performance and achieve a higher level of achievement. The aim of this research is to develop special exercises and identify their impact on some biokinematic variables and the achievement of the 110m hurdles for players. The researcher chose the experimental method by designing two groups, the control and the experimental. In order to conduct the research in a precise scientific manner, the original population was identified as the 110-meter hurdles runners of the University of Babylon team. The researcher selected (10) runners from these runners to represent the research sample for the application of the research steps. The sample was divided randomly and by lottery to select (5) players to represent the experimental group sample and (5) players for the control group, representing 90% of the research population. After implementing the main experiment and statistically processing the results, the researcher concluded:

The special exercises applied to the members of the experimental group had a positive impact on improving the biokinematic variables.

The Effect of a Self-Confidence Approach to Improving Athletic Courage among University of Kufa Futsal Players

Asst. Lect. Alaa Abdul-Hussein Saleh — 2025-04-01

The researcher decided to develop a curriculum for self-confidence among University of Kufa student futsal players and its positive impact on their athletic courage. Psychological exercises are among the most important factors that complement the skill, physical, mental, technical, and tactical aspects of a player. These exercises enable them to maintain a high level of performance throughout training and competition with other teams, in addition to helping them achieve harmony among team members. The objectives of the research were as follows: Developing a scale of athletic courage for University of Kufa futsal players. Developing a self-confidence curriculum to develop and improve athletic courage for University of Kufa futsal players. Understanding the effect of a self-confidence training approach on developing athletic courage for University of Kufa futsal players. The researcher used the experimental method using a single-group approach to suit the nature of the research problem. The research community consisted of (28) players from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Kufa. The sample was taken using a simple random method with (14) players representing the experimental research group, at a rate of (50%). The most important conclusions were: The levels of the self-confidence scale were distributed among the players according to the normal distribution in light of the percentages and the normal distribution curve, and the majority of them were concentrated at the average level. The guidance exercises and reinforcement of the self-confidence approach have an effective impact on improving and developing the level of sports courage among the players. The sample members enjoyed a significant and significant level of sports courage as a result of the session exercises.

Job Satisfaction and Psychological and Social Adaptability among Physical Education Teachers in the Umm al-Fahm Area

Dr. Mahmoud Hosni al-Atrash — 2025-04-01

Objective: The study aimed to identify job satisfaction and psychological and social adaptability and the relationship between them among physical education teachers in the Umm al-Fahm area. It also aimed to identify differences in job satisfaction and psychological and social adaptability among teachers according to the variables (gender, teaching experience, and academic qualifications).

Method: The researchers used the descriptive, correlational, and analytical approach, given its suitability for the nature of the study. They designed three tools for the study to measure job satisfaction and psychological and social adaptability after verifying their scientific characteristics. The study sample consisted of (60) male and female teachers, selected using a stratified random sampling method, representing approximately (49%) of the study population. The statistical program (SPSS) was used to process the data. Results: The study results showed that the level of job satisfaction among physical education teachers in the Umm al-Fahm area was high, with an average score of 3.50. Their level of psychological adaptability was average, with an average score of 3.38, while their level of social adaptability was high, with an average score of 3.44. The results revealed a statistically significant relationship between the level of job satisfaction and both the social and psychological adaptability of teachers, with Pearson's correlation coefficient values being 0.67 and 0.88, respectively. The results also indicated statistically significant differences in the level of job satisfaction and the psychological and social adaptability of teachers according to the gender variable, in favor of males, and according to the educational qualification variable, in favor of diploma. There were no statistically significant differences according to the teaching experience variable.

The Effect of Rehabilitation Exercises Using Light Contact Boxing on Some Physical Characteristics and Psychological Health of Drug Addicts

Asst. Dr. Ihsan Ali Nasser — 2025-04-01

The current research aims to develop rehabilitation exercises using light contact boxing to increase physical fitness and determine their impact on some physical characteristics (strength, speed, flexibility, agility, endurance) and the psychological health of drug addicts. The researcher used the experimental method by designing equivalent groups (experimental and control) with pre- and post-tests. The research population included (20) drug addicts in recovery who were officially registered in hospitals in Babylon Governorate. The research sample included (14) male patients only, aged 20-30 years. They were randomly selected from the research population after a specialist physician read each patient's personal data to determine the type of addiction. The research variables were determined based on the researcher's experience. These variables were (general leg endurance, general arm endurance, and psychological health scale). Physical tests were conducted on the sample at the Sport Center for Physiotherapy and Public Health. Finally, the researcher concluded that the rehabilitation exercises using the light contact method used on drug addicts had an impact on developing the physical variables related to muscular endurance in the arms and legs. The researcher also concluded that the exercises used played a significant role in improving the psychological state of drug addicts.

The Impact of Using Visual and Audio Aids on Learning Some Offensive Basketball Skills

Asst. Lect. Dr. Majid Hamid Marza — 2025-04-01

From a general overview of the nature of physical education lesson delivery in secondary schools, a fundamental problem emerges: the lack of diversity in the curricula used and their reliance on the old, traditional method. This stems from the lack of interest of physical education teachers in dealing with modern sciences. This indicates that we need new methods that are easy to apply practically to advance the teaching process, highlight athletic proficiencies, and develop talents at an early age. Hence, the problem arose through the use of visual and audio aids in teaching students some basic basketball skills. This ensures better learning, enables students to identify the ideal movement path and perform well, and determines which visual aids are best. Is it better to use a single visual aid for learning, or to combine several visual aids? The research aims to:

Develop an educational program using visual and audio aids to teach students some basic basketball skills. To identify the best methods for teaching some basic basketball skills to students.

The most important conclusions are:

1-The use of visual and auditory aids helped students learn basic basketball skills.

2- The use of a combined educational method in learning achieved significant improvement in students' learning of basic basketball skills.

3-The diversity in the use of multiple educational methods led to better understanding and learning of the skill by students.

The impact of footwork exercises according to different playing positions on some complex offensive skills of Basketball players under the age of 16 years old

Asst. Prof. Dr. Sajjad Hussein Nasser — 2025-04-01

The significance of research lies in the design of footwork exercises based on various planning scenarios. This refers to certain complicated attacking capabilities of basketball players under the age of 16. In order to achieve success, solid foundations must be built to overcome changing, fast, and increasing game scenarios with the necessary speed and precision.

Through this research, the researcher aimed to answer several questions, the most significant of which was to determine the skill levels of players in backdoor and L-cut techniques to assess the basic skill levels of young basketball players. The objectives of the research are to develop footwork exercises tailored to various planning positions for some complex offensive skills of these players.

Regarding the research findings, the footwork exercises based on different planning positions had a positive impact on certain complex offensive skills of basketball players under 16 years of age. The researcher employed the experimental method (with two equivalent groups) as a research procedure aligned with the study's objectives. The research community consisted of players from the Sports Cricket Club in basketball, specifically those under 12 years of age.

The participants were randomly separated into two groups (experimental and control), each of which included six players.

As for the conclusions, the effectiveness of footwork exercises based on different planning positions was evident in some of the complex offensive skills of basketball players. The recommendations and suggestions emphasized the importance of training the studied skills (scoring of all kinds, handling of all types, floater shot, receiving the ball near the basket, and offensive booking). Additionally, attention should be given to bio-kinetic abilities and the necessity to diversify the training methods employed by coaches.